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General Introduction 

Hexi District is one of the central of Tianjin city. It is located in the south-eastern part of the city. Its eastern part faces the Haihe River and Hedong district while its west boarder is connected with Nankai and Xiqing districts. Its south part is connected with Jinnan District while its north part is connected with Heping District.

In Hexi District, there is a famous temple named Guajia Temple. Its original name is Qing Guo Temple. In the 28^th year of WanLi in Ming dynasty(1600),《The record of reestablishment of GuaJia temple》says: “This temple has been founded for many years. We can not figure out when it originated. But there is a legend that the troops of the Tang dynasty were once stationed in this temple.” In the Song dynasty, the area of Hexi district was the border of Song and Liao. In the Qing dynasty, the district was still the main area to raise rice. People called this area “minor Jiang Nan”. At the end of the Qing dynasty, modern industry began to develop here. AS a result, population increased, and business became porperous. In 1895, Germany forced the corrupted Qing Dynasty to sign the unequal trenty. From then on the North-east part of the district became the colony of Germany. After that the process of urbanization sped up.

1917, this German colony returned to China. Its name was “First Special District”. It became the first administrative district of Tianjin. In 1938, the South-west part of the “First Special District” became the sixth district. In 1943, the “First Special District” was changed into the Tenth District. In the following year, it became merged with the Sixth District. In 1949, the area of the district is 22.39 square kilometers with a population of 203,596. In Jan.1, 1956, the sixth district was changed to Hexi district. At the end of 1995, the area of the district was increased to 41.023 square kilometers and its population reached 681,564.

Hexi people have the glorious tradition of revolutionary struggle. In 1900, the “United Army of Eeight Countries” invaded Tianjin. Hexi people, together with “Yi He Tuan”, bravely resisted the enemy. The village of Ji Zhuang Zi was destroyed. The head of the village of Gua-jia-si was killed.

In 1915, peasants from Xiao Liu Zhuang, Xiao Hua Zhuang, Dong Lou, Xi lou and He jia kou villages rose against the land-lord Li Jin-Chen who deprived them of their land. The peasants of these five villages continued their struggle until the liberation of Tian jin in 1949.

In 1924, Tian-jin committee of communist party of China was founded. They sent party members to work in Yu-Yuan and Bei-Yang Cotton Mills. After the frightful disaster of “May thirty”, the worker’s union of YU-Yuan and Bei-Yang Cotton Mills organized 5,000 workers to participate the unti-Japan demonstration, supporting the struggle of the Shanghai workers. In 1928, the underground organization of the communist party of China enlarged its organizations in factories and villages, and set up branches. Senior revolutionist, Peng Zhen(whose original name is Fu Mao-gong) was once the party secretary of the district. He led the strike and demonstration of the factories and villages. Party leader Liu Shao-Qi and Zhou En-Lai once participated in the worker’s movement in 1928. At that time, many underground organizations of the communist party of China in Hexi District were destroyed. Many party members were arrested. Su Ze and Wang Jian-wen were killed.

After the “July Seveth” incident in 1937, the factories in the district founded many organizations for saving the nation. In 1938,the underground party organization developed the “Vanguard Team of Liberation of the Chinese nation” in many schools in the district. In 1939, the workers of Yu-Yuan factory set the warehouse on fire. Several thousands cases of cotton were destroyed. The Japanese invaders suffered great defeat. In 1942, the Hand-gun Team of Jizhong military region came to the district, transporting weapons and salt to the liberated area.

After the Anti-Japanese War, the underground organization of the communist party of China set up branches in some schools. In September of 1945, the progressive teachers and students participated in the struggle, that swept the whole city. From 1946 to 1947, the students were organized to participate in the struggle of “Anti-starvation, Anti-civil war and Anti-persecution”. At the end of 1948, the workers in the district, under the leadership of the communist party of China, were organized to protect the factories, frustrating Guo-Min-Dang’s plan to transport the industrial equipments to southern China. They ushered the liberation of Tianjin.

After the liberation of Tianjin, Hexi people, under the leadership of the Hexi government, greatly changed the Hexi District. Socialist construction has made great achievements.